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Atomic Layer Deposition for Semiconductors
This edited volume discusses atomic layer deposition (ALD) for all modern semiconductor devices, moving from the basic chemistry of ALD and modeling of ALD processes to sections on ALD for memories, logic devices, and machines.The section on ALD for memories covers both mass-produced memories, such as DRAM and Flash, and emerging memories, such as PCRAM and FeRAM.The section on ALD for logic devices covers both front-end of the line processes and back-end of the line processes.The final section on ALD for machines looks at toolsets and systems hardware.Each chapter provides the history, operating principles, and a full explanation of ALD processes for each device.
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Semiconductors and Semimetals : Volume 116
Boron Nitride, Volume 115 in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters that are written and contributed to by an international board of authors.
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Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors : Defect Studies
The subject of this book is the investigation of lattice imperfections in semiconductors by means of positron annihilation.A comprehensive review is given of the different positron techniques, whose application to various kinds of defects, e.g. vacancies, impurity-vacancy complexes and dislocations, is described.The sensitivity range of positron annihilation with respect to the detection of these defects is compared to that of other defect-sensitive methods.The most prominent results obtained with positrons in practically all important semiconductors are reviewed.A special chapter of the book deals with positron annihilation as a promising tool for many technological purposes.The theoretical background necessary to understand the experimental results is explained in detail.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Semiconductors and Semimetals, Part 2 : Volume 117
This two-part book Volume on Semiconductor Metamaterials will survey the state-of-the-art in material platforms for optical metasurfaces.Part 1 will focus on materials for active metasurfaces, including tuning and sensing applications and will include chapters on Phase-Change Materials, Phase-Transition Materials and Soft Matter materials, as well as metasurface materials for polarization sensing, catalysis and chemical reactions.Part 2 will focus on static metasurfaces for light generation and detection.Materials employed for light emitting metasurfaces, metasurfaces operating in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions and metasurfaces from c2 materials will all be discussed.
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Metal Oxide Semiconductors : Synthesis, Properties, and Devices
Metal Oxide Semiconductors Up-to-date resource highlighting highlights emerging applications of metal oxide semiconductors in various areas and current challenges and directions in commercialization Metal Oxide Semiconductors provides a current understanding of oxide semiconductors, covering fundamentals, synthesizing methods, and applications in diodes, thin-film transistors, gas sensors, solar cells, and more.The text presents state-of-the-art information along with fundamental prerequisites for understanding and discusses the current challenges in pursuing commercialization and future directions of this field.Despite rapid advancements in the materials science and device physics of oxide semiconductors over the past decade, the understanding of science and technology in this field remains incomplete due to its relatively short research history; this book aims to bridge the gap between the rapidly advancing research progress in this field and the demand for relevant materials and devices by researchers, engineers, and students.Written by three highly qualified authors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors discusses sample topics such as: Fabrication techniques and principles, covering vacuum-based methods, including sputtering, atomic layer deposition and evaporation, and solution-based methodsFundamentals, progresses, and potentials of p–n heterojunction diodes, Schottky diodes, metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes, and self-switching diodesApplications in thin-film transistors, detailing the current progresses and challenges towards commercialization for n-type TFTs, p-type TFTs, and circuitsDetailed discussions on the working mechanisms and representative devices of oxide-based gas sensors, pressure sensors, and PH sensorsApplications in optoelectronics, both in solar cells and ultraviolet photodetectors, covering their parameters, materials, and performanceMemory applications, including resistive random-access memory, transistor-structured memory devices, transistor-structured artificial synapse, and optical memory transistors A comprehensive monograph covering all aspects of oxide semiconductors, Metal Oxide Semiconductors is an essential resource for materials scientists, electronics engineers, semiconductor physicists, and professionals in the semiconductor and sensor industries who wish to understand all modern developments that have been made in the field.
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Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors : An Introduction
The first advanced textbook to provide a useful introduction in a brief, coherent and comprehensive way, with a focus on the fundamentals.After having read this book, students will be prepared to understand any of the many multi-authored books available in this field that discuss a particular aspect in more detail, and should also benefit from any of the textbooks in photochemistry or spectroscopy that concentrate on a particular mechanism. Based on a successful and well-proven lecture course given by one of the authors for many years, the book is clearly structured into four sections: electronic structure of organic semiconductors, charged and excited states in organic semiconductors, electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors, and fundamentals of organic semiconductor devices.
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Etching of Wide-Bandgap Chemically Resistant Semiconductors
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Why are semiconductors thermistors?
Semiconductors are thermistors because their electrical resistance changes with temperature. As the temperature of a semiconductor material increases, the movement of charge carriers within the material also increases, leading to a decrease in resistance. This property makes semiconductors suitable for use as thermistors, as they can accurately measure and respond to changes in temperature. Additionally, semiconductors have a predictable and repeatable temperature-resistance relationship, making them reliable for temperature sensing and control applications.
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What are semiconductors in physics?
Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are a crucial component in the field of electronics, as they can be used to control the flow of electrical current. Semiconductors are often used in the production of diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits, and are essential for the functioning of modern electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and solar cells. In physics, the behavior of semiconductors is studied in the context of solid-state physics and quantum mechanics.
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Why are semiconductors used in microchips?
Semiconductors are used in microchips because of their unique ability to conduct electricity under certain conditions. This property allows semiconductors to act as switches, controlling the flow of electrical signals within the microchip. By utilizing semiconductors, microchips can perform complex calculations and store data efficiently, making them essential components in modern electronic devices. Additionally, semiconductors can be miniaturized, allowing for the creation of smaller and more powerful microchips.
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What is the purpose of semiconductors?
Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are used in electronic devices to control the flow of electrical current. The purpose of semiconductors is to enable the creation of electronic components such as diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits, which form the basis of modern electronics. Semiconductors are essential for the functioning of electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and televisions.
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Why do semiconductors conduct heat better?
Semiconductors conduct heat better than insulators because they have a higher thermal conductivity due to the presence of free electrons and holes. These free charge carriers can transfer thermal energy more effectively through the material. Additionally, the crystalline structure of semiconductors allows for efficient heat conduction as the atoms are closely packed together, enabling better thermal transport. Overall, the combination of free charge carriers and crystalline structure in semiconductors leads to better heat conduction compared to insulators.
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What are photoresistors and semiconductors used for?
Photoresistors are light-sensitive resistors that change their resistance based on the amount of light they are exposed to. They are commonly used in light detection circuits, such as in automatic night lights or camera exposure control. Semiconductors are materials with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are used in a wide range of electronic devices, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, to control the flow of electrical current and amplify or switch electronic signals.
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Where are semiconductors used in everyday life?
Semiconductors are used in everyday life in a wide range of electronic devices, including smartphones, computers, televisions, and digital cameras. They are also used in household appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners. Additionally, semiconductors are essential components in transportation systems, including cars, trains, and airplanes. Overall, semiconductors play a crucial role in modern technology and are integrated into many aspects of daily life.
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How do undoped semiconductors conduct electrical current?
Undoped semiconductors conduct electrical current through the movement of charge carriers, which can be either electrons or holes. At absolute zero temperature, the semiconductor is an insulator and no current can flow. However, as the temperature increases, some electrons gain enough energy to break free from their atoms and become mobile charge carriers, allowing current to flow. Additionally, at room temperature, some electrons from the valence band can be excited to the conduction band, leaving behind holes which can also contribute to the conduction of current.
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